Biography of Suvorov Book

More AA, in a series of Russian wonderful people, Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov stands out very sharply in all respects. Such an elevation occurred contrary to very difficult adverse circumstances that pursued Suvorov all his life - taken from the battle. All its personal qualities, properties, concepts, habits and needs - everything was carefully developed by himself and applied precisely to the needs of military affairs, which - as we will see below - from childhood, has already played a primary role in his whole life, headed him.

Completely passionate and absorbed in military affairs, he understood it very widely and sublimely, setting himself a task and the goal of achieving the level at which the greatest commanders stand in world history. And in his person we see an amazing example of perseverance and success in the persecution and achievement of this task and goal. He, with an extensive general development and a rich reserve of knowledge in all kinds of industries, also possessed encyclopedic, one might say, military knowledge in all sectors, not excluding even the affairs of marine, engineering and other things.

In general, Suvorov stood at such a height that few not only from Russians, but also from Western European generals of that time could withstand a comparison with him. This itself is proved by the whole totality of Suvorov’s activity, his extensive correspondence in all kinds of languages ​​to the Italian, Finnish and Turkish inclusive with various persons of the highest circle in Russia and abroad on issues of capital importance.

Although Suvorov did not receive a diploma military education, but through self -education, he not only reached the most prominent and honorary position of militarily, but also occupied a completely secluded place in the entire history of military affairs. Studying independently the same historical samples according to which others studied, he, however, under the influence of ardent love and devotion, deduced from this much more than others.

Its essence consists in such training of soldiers that they in advance receive a certain concept of what they can meet in the war, as well as how to behave in each individual case. He knew the soldier's soul perfectly and certainly owned and disposed of it. At the same time, he himself was the first and most perfect soldier as a living example and a model for the entire army. He was extremely generously awarded all purely military qualities, once: persistent initiative, persistent energy, courage and personal courage, so it is impossible to name such military quality that Suvorov would not possess.

He did it straight awardly, sincerely, without any back thought and goal, precisely because he did not recognize the need to furnish his life better than the camp model and found that it was the soldier’s life that was the best suited to the conditions and needs of the military man. Being the founder of the new military school, Suvorov not only became famous throughout the world with his invincibility, but also provided the state with very important services, both in the pacification of serious internal troubles and in relation to the expansion of territorial possessions.

In general, the significance of these services of Suvorov was so great that thanks to him it was the political significance of Russia at once grew in the eyes of Europe. As soon as the brilliant commander forced the whole of Europe to pay attention to the amazing successes of Russian weapons, in connection and in accordance with this, the entire political prestige of Russia also clearly increased.

As for the charm of the personality of Suvorov in Western Europe, then, in addition to the extraordinary ubiquitous popularity, in some countries, especially in England and partly in Italy, the thing came to the worship of him. In short, the personality of Suvorov in itself as the most brilliant of the commanders and his glorious exploits, and military valors, which are of historical importance for all of Europe, and, finally, the long -term more than half -century period in which all this has been made from the centenary has already been given the past, very instructive in all respects.

Surprisingly, at the end of the whole century from the day of Suvorov’s death, we have only one monument to him at the Trinity bridge in St. Petersburg, and moreover, not at all corresponding to either his genius, nor his peculiar personality, nor his forty -year -old combat activities. This monument, ordered during the life of Suvorov, was built in the year according to Emperor Paul in order to perpetuate the memory of the exploits of the famous Generalissimo in Italy and Switzerland.

The artist quite successfully embodied in him the idea of ​​the campaign of the year in the sense of intercession of the Russian government for the destroyed thrones of Italy. The Russian Field Marshal-Generalissimus is depicted by a Roman warrior covering the Piedmont and Sardinian crows and papal tiara with his shield and sword. Together with that perpetuating memory, Russia should affect Russia for the glory to which he covered Russian weapons and the Russian name.Finally, it must also be borne in mind that Suvorov’s merits to the Fatherland are by no means exhausted only by his activities: on the contrary, in addition to this, even the modern Russian army owes a lot of Suvorov’s brilliant initiative and his stubborn amateur performances of the troops.

To the greatest regret, this side of the matter remained in the shade for a very long time and almost in oblivion after the death of Suvorov.

And only recently, under the influence of the printed works of some military specialists, do they begin to evaluate the legacy that Suvorov left for all subsequent generations. This is in the full sense the glorious and well -deserved Russian knight, the hero of all the heroes - by the greatness of the spirit, in height and the width of civic aspirations and goals ... Chapter I. Church, youth and time before the combat service.

The ancestor of the Suvorovs was the Swede of Yuda Suvor, who settled in the Moscow region during the reign there is Semyon Proud. Alexander Vasilievich was born in Moscow, on November 30. He lost his mother early. Undoubtedly, however, that his home education, at least until 13-14 years old, flowed under the direct supervision of his mother, apparently with the complete non-interference of his father, Vasily Ivanovich, completely absorbed in economic affairs on his estate, that is, with an active and successful expansion.

Apparently, he was dissatisfied with his son at the time of his childhood and looked at him as a loser. The boy was at the very early age, as soon as he began to master the simple literacy, a great tendency to all the military manifested itself clearly. The boy, meanwhile, at the age of about 11, he discovered more and more addiction to military affairs, completely retreating from the ladies' community and in every possible way trying to retire to read books of an exclusively military character.

The boy’s isolation, the passion for solitude, concentration is not in years and distant walks were sharply striking, and most importantly, they caused reprimands, comments, prohibitions, and so on. The boy went into himself even more, closed in his inner world, and completely surrendered to his favorite military affairs, which has now acquired a special charm for him as a forbidden fruit.

At that time, Vasily Ivanovich was visited by his old friend, General Hannibal, from blacks, Peter the Great Peter. In view of the complaints of old Suvorov against his son, he was very interested in the last. After talking with him and getting acquainted with his books, he was convinced of his serious love for military affairs. Having explained this to his father, Hannibal at the same time advised him not to counteract his son’s aspirations for a military field, but, on the contrary, to promote this in every possible way.

When he was 12 years old, he was recorded in the year, in the Semenovsky regiment by ordinary; But he entered there only three years later, when he was 15 years old. In early childhood, even until summer, Suvorov met some new languages. By this, as well as all the initial training in general, he owes his mother. By reading Suvorov, before entering the regiment under 15 years old, to familiarize himself: with Plutarch, Cornelius, Nizhny, with the activities of Alexander Macedonian, Caesar, Annibal and other most remarkable commanders, campaigns of Montekukuli, Charles XII, Turen, Conde, Marshal of Saxon, Prince Eugene and many others.

Although the center of his self -education was precisely the military history, nevertheless, he also very actively worked on the replenishment of his general education. He studied history and geography, for example, according to Gubner and Rollen, philosophy - according to Leibniz and Wolf. Since the first awakening of consciousness in the early children's season and literally before the deathbed, Suvorov was constantly passionate, always and under all circumstances, an uncontrollable aspiration forward and forward.

This desire is explained by the fact that even at the time of early childhood, under the influence of a happy reading of reading, before his mental gaze, a tempting-bright and attractive light point suddenly caught fire, which, all worshiping and flaring up, finally grew into a certain task and purpose of life, without which he could no longer live at all.

Examples of those great people whose acts he was brought up clearly showed him the need for education as the most powerful factor in life, which opens the way to the chosen goal and gives all the means to achieve it. As a result, strictly speaking, his whole life is not even life in a generally accepted sense, but some kind of mental and moral burning under the influence of military passion in an continuous desire for military glory ...

Having entered the regiment, he immediately became a real soldier. He, with pleasure, enthusiastically engaged in studying everything that seems to be different in the soldier's service heavy, rude, boring and petty. He loved all the duties of a soldier, heavy and light, seeking ways and means to get to know as much as possible even with such sides of the soldier’s life, whose knowledge is not necessary.

He needed all this in the name of that great goal, which continuously glowed in front of him somewhere in the endless Dali and irrevocably attracted him to him. His program also included the most thorough study of the soldier’s environment with all its habits, customs, concepts, beliefs - to the most secret secrets of soldier's life. At the same time, he very thoughtfully studied military charters and decisions.

Living in a free apartment, and not in the barracks, however, with pedantic accuracy and zeal, without the slightest omission, he carried the entire combat service, neatly visited the combat exercises and in guard, along with the lower ranks performed all their official labors and black works. In short, he was in the full sense an exemplary soldier in all respects, so it was better even to endure all kinds of hardships, fatigue, hunger, cold and so on.

He was clearly different from other soldiers with a young, elegant look and attracted attention. So, for example, Empress Elizaveta Petrovna noticed him when he stood on the watch near Montplazir, in Peterhof. Passing by, the empress asked what his name was. Hearing that he, the son of Vasily Ivanovich, whom she knew, took out the ruble with the intention of giving him to Suvorov.

But he refused, saying that by the charter, the guard did not have the right to take money. Suvorov kept this coin all his life. Expelledly studying military affairs, he at the same time worked hard to replenish and expand general education. As far as is known, he attended lectures of the Cadet Corps. But his main educational tool was independent, home scientific classes, partly using the purchased books, in most cases-through books mined on the side: in a regiment, in the cadet corps-in a word, where there was only some kind of possibility to this.

This work was so stubborn that during the entire stay in the regiment of Suvorov, he resolutely visited anywhere except for the corps and service, devoting all the rest to self -education at his home. As a result of such amateur performances, it turned out that by the time of summer age he had already so strong, vast, versatile education, which none of the then existing educational institutions could give him, and nothing but his personal goodwill.

In addition to general educational subjects, the Bible, the entire cycle of church services, and all church everyday life was also thoroughly studied. Suvorov pulled the soldier's strap for almost ten years from a year to April 15, when he was finally promoted to officers. He was then about 25 years old. The noble children at that time easily reached general ranks by such an age.

There is no doubt that Suvorov could not have been incomparably promoted to officers if he wanted it, especially since he was in the best account from the very first days of his soldier’s service, and he was usually given very serious and important instructions. Produced in the year in sergeants, he was sent in the year in Dresden and Vienna with the dispatches, where he stayed for more than six months from March to October.

A long stay of Suvorov by a soldier was his personal desire, fully responded to his intentions - in a detail, to express his personal experience in his personal experience that a soldier has to do, in addition to his direct duties. It is clear that no educational institutions, no books could replace his personal experience in this regard. And, having met the case not superficially, but in essence, Suvorov discovered the most precious qualities of the soul in Russian soldiers and so sincerely fell in love with them, so sincerely attached to them, that throughout his life, literally to the grave board, he remained faithful to the soldier’s regime, which, in the name of complete and organic unity with the army and merging with him, directly hesed into his flesh and blood.

That is why the Suvorov Caucal and Suvorov, the unusable Generalissimo, still remained the same soldier, since he was always equally close to him and roads of soldiers' interests, hardships, sorrows and needs. That is why Suvorov always, under all circumstances, treated the soldiers not as a dumbflie up, but as reasonable creatures, and inspired them, led them, so that each of them acted consciously, realizing what, why and why he was doing.

Suvorov was a great psychologist. Being in this regard the first among the greatest commanders, Suvorov, and to date, remains the only one.