Peredelkino biography

The Gorodok store Peredelkino Gorodok of Writers Peredelkino is a place that has no analogues in the world. Its appearance is associated with the idea of ​​creating special conditions for "engineers of human souls." However, large privileges were accompanied by certain requirements and constant supervision. Peredelkin’s life is full of dramatic and tragic moments, nevertheless, it was here that the most important works of the twentieth century were created.

The history of the town began in the spring of the year, when Maxim Gorky wrote to Konstantin Fedin: “The discussion around the creation of such residences was reborn into a specific project after a meeting of writers in Gorky’s apartment with the leadership. Stalin suggested that the hotel near Moscow is not enough. The writer will not want to break away from the family for a long time, but the city must be built for writers somewhere near Moscow, where they could live with their families without interfering with each other, and intensively create.

After this meeting, the decree "On the construction of the" city of writers "is published, then the Union of Soviet Writers is created and the literary fund is being revived. Dachas begin to build in a year. Lists of the first residents of Peredelkino were created by a veche order, repeatedly discussed. It was decided that cottages were issued for life, and the next applicant could only receive a house six months after the death of the previous owner.

The beginning of history was associated with many difficulties, and the first inhabitants of Peredelkin complained about the poor quality of construction, water in basements, walls with holes and mold. I had to finish the cottages on my own. However, the "Peredelkino life" began, and the first time was very friendly - the writers went to visit each other, arranged crowded readings.

But soon they “reported” about these evenings, and they stopped. Close friends continued to gather. The houses in Peredelkino became their "last address". New residents entered the liberated dachas. Terror put every resident of Peredelkin before the choice: to sign or not sign the condemning collective letters. Even a simple greeting due to the fence was considered a political gesture.

However, many still talked, but already secretly. One of the few who refused to sign such letters was Boris Pasternak. They stop printing it, and the "funnels" are almost constantly on duty in front of the house. Military time of wartime in Peredelkin is associated with evacuation, military units were located in the houses of writers, and trenches were arranged in the plots, and anti -aircraft troops were placed.

Many writers go to the front: to the militia and front -line correspondents. Many did not return - Alexander Afinogenov and Evgeny Petrov died in the war. In July, Konstantin Simonov writes the poem “Wait for me” in the country of Leo Kassil- one of the central lyrical works of the military era, which has become a prayer for millions. Not so long ago it turned out that another legendary poem - “Enemies burned their native hut” - was also written in Peredelkino.

After the war, after the war, many cottages in Peredelkino were ruined, some burned. There were almost no fences left - the boards went to the kindling of furnaces, like books. But gradually life was getting better. Writers were engaged in sites and work on Earth, finding a vacation and distraction from politics. Leonid Leonov builds a large greenhouse, Chukovsky is engaged in strawberries and raspberries, and Pasternak plants potatoes.

The garden allowed the poet to survive the time when he, in fact in disgrace, could not count on large literary fees. At this time, Boris Leonidovich writes in the country the novel "Dr. Zhivago". In the year, the House of Writers' Creativity is being built, and from that moment authors from all over the country can come to Peredelkino - on a creative vacation for 21 days.

Despite the modest conditions - the writers relied on a small room without amenities - to get into the house of creativity was the cherished dream of many. Also in the year, Korney Chukovsky on his site for the first time arranged the first bonfire “Hello, Summer! Pasternak’s test after the twentieth congress and condemnation of the personality cult in the year, many famous writers who patronized Stalin, ended up in difficult circumstances.

In May in May of the same year, Alexander Fadeev, the head of the Union of Writers, who spent his whole life in the literature of Stalinskaya, ends his life. The agenda. At the same time, Pasternak transfers the manuscript of the novel "Doctor Zhivago" to the Italian correspondent. The novel is published abroad. In the year, Pasternaku was awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.

A formal occasion was a novel, although it was nominated for a prize for several years in a row. The poet’s persecution begins, unfolded by both neighbors in the town of writers and colleagues in the workshop. Unable to withstand the shocks, Pasternak gets seriously. By that time, he was expelled from the Writers' Union, and his death was reported to a short line in the Literary Newspaper.

Nevertheless, thousands of people come to say goodbye to the great poet.Since the public appearance at the funeral was still considered a political gesture and could be dangerous, almost none of the famous writers attended them. The sixties begin e - the time of the thaw and the emergence of a new generation of poets. Vasily Aksenov, Bulat Okudzhava, Bella Akhmadulina and other "sixties" are increasingly coming to the House of Creativity.

For them, Peredelkino is free air and "alley of gloomy classics" - Serafimovich Street. It was lived by the editor -in -chief of the Yunost magazine Valentin Kataev. Almost every weekend, motley companies of young writers, whom he patronized, came to him at the cottage. Over time, many of them received their cottages - on Dovzhenko Street. The latest history until the x years of the city of writers and the House of Creativity continued to be a closed place, intended only for members of the Writers' Union.

Complex times have come. Many sites were sold, including the famous "obscure meadow", which the windows of Pasternak's house overwhelmed. Many sites in the town of Writers were privatized and sold. But most of it remained in the jurisdiction of the state, and writers, poets, translators, and critics still live in houses. The course about Peredelkin’s story on Arzamas is interesting about the town of writers Peredelkino, a selection of interesting audio and video materials, texts and projects of the House of Creativity, dedicated to the town of writers and its inhabitants.

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