Kolchak biography download
The Eastern Front of the Civil War from the author Chapter One. Allies 1.
Anti -German front 2. Politics of hesitation 3. Prisoners of war 4. The performance of the Czechoslovaks Chapter Two. The liberation of Siberia 1. Socialist power 2. Military forces 3. The beginning of the "Ataman" 4. The central power is the chapter three. At the front of the Komuch 1. Three versions 2. In Samara 3. The People’s Army 4. The struggle with the Bolsheviks is 5.
Politics of the rear 6. Democracy in power is the chapter fourth. The Siberian government 1. In the Far East 2. The beginning of conflicts 3. In Sibostum 4. Samara and Omsk 5. Admin Council 6. Congraction with the Duma Chapter Fifth. Ufa meeting 1. Unified power 2. Behind the scenes 3. Coalition conspiracy 4. The next day 5. Last days of Samara part II. On the eve of the dictatorship from the author, chapter one.
Directory 1. Mission Argunov 2. Yekaterinburg or Omsk? Congress of the Constituent Assembly 4. In Omsk 5. Organization of power 6. Omsk "Navigoric" 7. Epitaph Siberity 8. The abolition of the regional governments 9. Socialist -Revolutionary "Processing" Chapter two. The coup d'etat 1. The Siberian community 2. Legends and facts 3. After the coup 1. General Boldyrev 2.
Socialist -Revolutionary Promotion 3. Printing and society Chapter Four. The first steps 1. The trial of the conspirators 2. Ultimatum Semenov 3. Adventurers and oath -criminals literature I. Foreign publications A Books B Article II. Soviet publications III. Melgunova “Admiral Kolchak’s tragedy” is first published in Russia. It is the most complete study of the events of the Civil War on the Volga, the Urals and in Siberia, compiled as a result of the generalization of documents available to the author, published memoirs, diaries and oral evidence of participants in the events.
For the first time, the wide circles of domestic readers get the opportunity to get acquainted with the tragic pages of the life of the Supreme Ruler of Russia A. Kolchak, who took over the burden of salvation of the country from the horrors of internecine massacre, provoked by ideologists of the class struggle when the connivance of the liberal intelligentsia. We throw calls into space from thin masts into an inaccessible distance ...
There is a harsh soul constancy, here is the bloody faithful steel ... 1 - such poems responded in the spring of the year the White Guard magazine "Don Wave" to the news of the distant Siberia about the attack of the armies of the Supreme Ruler of Russia and the Supreme Commander -in -Chief of the Ground and Marine armed forces Admiral Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak.
Thousands of miles and several fronts, an unremarkable Rostov poet saw and identified in the image of his hero the features of the “harsh soul”, which seemed to him the main, determining, but ... relate more likely to the “book” stereotype of the “dictator” than to a living person. Was Admiral Kolchak like that in reality? Numerous sources, especially the period of the Civil War about which the majority of the memoirs are written, rather draw it completely different - emotional, subject to other people's influences, hot -tempered to extreme and even, perhaps, “over the edge”, so the famous “storm” of the admiral have been noted more than once in historical literature almost as its most characteristic feature.
With his usual manner in moments of irritation, he began to look on the table of an object on which a boiled irritation could be poured ”3; “He jumped to his feet and then began to rush around the cabinet from corner to corner, like an angry beast in a cage” 4; “The supreme was in an unusually nervous mood and during a conversation with [generals] Diterichs and Sakharov broke several pencils and inkwell, spilling ink on his desk”; “Kolchak here lost absolutely all kinds of self -control, began to stomp his feet and in the exact sense of [words] began to scream ...” 5; “On Sunday, as I am told, he broke four glasses at the table” 6; “...
The Supreme Ruler called him to Omsk, launched a plate into him and sent him to command the Ural Rifle Division” 7 ... - These and similar quotes draw the image of an unattractive and in any case, which was surrounded by the figure of the admiral during the white struggle, and later to some extent - even in the camp of his enemies. In these words, said as if about a completely different person, you can suspect excessive idealization - and feel a deep spiritual insight, for which remoteness can be a hindrance in space or time: losing its features, which are unconditionally important and necessary for creating a portrait of a person with all its individual characteristics, the appearance of the supreme is exempted from the momentary, reddening, red The immortal essence of the soul, the high system of which allocated and elevated Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak over the embraced of Russia, the Great Admiral - over the "nicked sea", raging on the site of the deceased empire.
But anyone who writes about Kolchak lies in wait for the threat with the loss of the living features mentioned above and something that helps to understand the state of this person in the most important and most difficult, fatal months of his life.The retouching is dangerous, especially when it turns into plaster, and the assessments similar to the one that Admiral Archimandrite Konstantin gave, sometimes encourage them to stop at them ...
And, having seen the feat of the supreme ruler, not to comprehend the tragedy of the warrior Alexander. His face reflected all the shades of thoughts and feelings, in good moments it seemed to glow with the inner light and then it was fine ... ”9 And the complexity of the character of Admiral Kolchak, including the emotional outbreaks already known to us, became a“ historical factor ”, encouraging or turning away from them, ascended to such a height.
The personality of Kolchak is not one of those that can be “absorbed” even by a description of large social phenomena, political cataclysms; But the inextricability of her connection with that business - a white deed, to whom the admiral gave his strength and life, is equally obvious. Alexander Vasilievich Kolchak - just part of the Russian, white business; But the part is so significant that the understanding of the course of events, the fate of the whole movement as a whole, is impossible without attempts to understand the personality of this outstanding person, to approach the unraveling of his image - whole and contradictory at the same time.
The talented engineer, V. Kolchak had combat experience behind him, during the Crimean War, taking part in the legendary defense of Sevastopol: one of the last shots on the enemy with the Malakhov Kurgan was made by the junker of marine artillery Kolchak 11; The mother of Alexander, Olga Ilyinichna, the nee Posokhova, a very devout woman, handed the boy a sincere religiosity to the boy, about whom her grandson, the son of the admiral, will even write about “rather strict, even ascetic-monastic worldview”, obviously, in the military family, part of the upbringing was and reading, after many years, the son recommended by the Supreme Ruler in the last writing, according to the last writing, according The will: “Read the military history and the affairs of the great people and learn from them to act, this is the only way to become a useful servant of the Motherland.
There is nothing higher than the homeland and ministry to her ”and it is possible that in the minds of Alexander Kolchak, from an early age, the Warrior’s service, hardly conceivable without ambition,“ a soldier must wear a marshal rod in his satchel! True, in the first stages of the life path of the naval officer Kolchak, these features, perhaps, do not yet look dominant.
Before us is rather a brilliant young sailor, exclusively generously gifted with nature, bright and attracting general attention: “He entered - and everything was done around as a holiday; How he loved this word! Tollya, is a campaign whose significance is far from limited to the lines of the official document on the award of Lieutenant Kolchak the highest award of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society - the Great Konstantinovskaya Golden Medal “For participation in the expedition of Baron E.
Tol [l] I, for traveling to the island of Bennett, constituting an important geographical feat, the accomplishment of which was associated with great difficulties and danger to life” 15 ... further in the same. Kolchak’s biographies-the protection of Port Arthur during the Russian-Japanese War, to which he immediately rushed upon the return of a telegram to the Academy of Sciences from the polar expedition: “I am going to the war from Irkutsk and reports I send from Irkutsk if there are orders urgently ...” 16 and where I went through all the stages of the military suffering: the actions at sea, including the destroyer commander, the commander of the Ministry The command of the battery of sea guns on the land front, injury and severe diseases - a consequence of Arctic wanderings, painful captivity after the surrender of the fortress by General A.
Each combat enterprise was made according to the plans developed by it, in every operation he invested his soul, every officer and sailor understood that he was leading Kolchak to success ”20; Here he is waiting for the honorable combat award-the Order of St. George of the IV degree and truly enchanting bureaucracy: starting the war as captain of the 1st rank and being on April 10, was made in Rear Admiral, already according to the highest order, Kolchak becomes Vice Admiral and receives the appointment of the Fleet Commander of the Born Sea.
Cherishing a dream based on the words of the August Supreme Commander-in-Chief-Emperor Nicholas II, that the “The course of the events of the war” will lead the fleet “To the decision of the historical fate of the Black Sea” 22, Kolchak is torn into the upcoming spring-summer campaign of the year “Open the Gate of Constantinople”, even his gust of infecting and surrounding him, even his interlocutor, his interlocutor.
He considered it necessary in his memoirs to specifically note this, as well as a sharp contrast between Kolchak and his predecessor: “The high charm of charm is that the memoirists usually note the slight growth of Alexander Vasilyevich. This is how the future Supreme Ruler of Russia for the fateful year for the country has approached. However, after the renunciation was committed, and the Grand Duke, in turn, postponed the final solution to the question of the perception of the supreme power to popular will, the military commanders of the willy-nilly had to think about what was now expecting Russia.Kolchak had to determine his position, and, according to one testimony of a contemporary, he showed outstanding determination and readiness for active actions.
Melgunov letter of the captain of the 2nd rank A. Lukin, obviously written at the end of the X or beginning of the xs,-the first lightning of the revolution, the Duke of [Erghey] g [Eorgievich] Leuchtenberg passes in [Yaia] n [ikolai] Nikolaevich] was urgently sent to Batum on a special destroyer for meeting with Sevastopol. Nick [Olai] Nikol [Aevich]. This mission was secret and so urgent that the destroyer commander was given the order to "burn the boilers, but in full swing to deliver the duke to the departure of the Batumsky train." Then there were rumors that in contact with the Baltic fleet about the massacres of officers in the Baltic in the very first revolutionary days, it must have been known nothing yet.
Such rumors circulated in the fleet in an era when Petrograd was cut off and it was not yet known how it all ended. ”It should immediately be noted that the story of his author, based largely on unconfirmed rumors, looks rather dubious: biographers as Grand Duke Nikolai Nikolaevich 25, as well as Admiral Kolchaka, his close employee and friend, Admiral M. Smirnov 26 They are silent about something like that, and Lukin himself in his collection of essays from the life of the fleet, which has been released three years later, the Book of Melgunov, not only does not develop such an interesting topic, but no longer mentions the attempt of Kolchak or the mission of the Duke of Leichtenberg 27; In addition, in his works, Lukin discovered a clear tendency to fiction, which for a memoirist and historian generally seems reprehensible to us.
Nevertheless, it is unlikely that such a detailed story should be completely rejected, which allows the interpretation of Kolchak’s actions not as a “restraint” counter -revolution in the literal sense of the word, but as a proposal of a large -scale military demonstration of the “South”, as a contrast to the soldier’s rebellion, with a declaration of support for the new Supreme Commander and generally state current.
After that, it is permissible to wonder if the admiral had in mind when he wrote on March 11 in a private letter: “For ten days I was engaged in politics and I feel deep disgust for it, because my politics is the command in the document. Perhaps you should read "obedience." Therefore, an attempt by Admiral Kolchak, if she corresponded to the story of Lukin, from the very beginning looks like an attempt with unusual means; However, already without a bet on the Grand Duke, the idea of a military demonstration was then discussed then by other high ranks.
So, in mid-March, an unofficial meeting of the senior cavalry chiefs, whose troops were on the Romanian front, suggested on the day of the oath of the new government to turn “on behalf of all the cavalry collected in Bessarabia to the temporary government with an address that encourages it to a more energetic manifestation of their will,” but this project was not implemented, possibly, due to the refusal to participate in its implementation and generally “change the oath” General Count F.
Keller, whose authority in the Russian cavalry stood at an unattainable height and soon, April 23, Generals A. Krymov and Baron K.