Biography of Giuseppe Verde

The country of Italy Giuseppe Verdi Ital. Giuseppe Verdi; October 10, Ronkole, Parma Province - January 27, Milan - Italian composer. Like any powerful talent. Verdi reflects nationality and his era. He is a flower of his soil. He is the voice of modern Italy, not lazy-day-free or careless, Italy in the comic and imaginary operas of Rossini and Donizetti, not sentimentally and elegic, crying Italy Bellinyevskaya, and Italy, awakened by consciousness, Italy, excited by political storms, Italy, bold and folly to the lobby frenzy.

Nobody could feel better than Verdi to feel life. Boyto Verdi is a classic of Italian musical culture, one of the most significant composers of the XIX century. Its music is inherent in the spark of high civil pathos, unmistakable accuracy in the embodiment of the most difficult processes that occur in the depths of the human soul, nobility, beauty and inexhaustible melodism.

The composer’s pen belongs to 26 operas, spiritual and instrumental works, romances. Verdi's most significant part of the creative heritage of Verdi, many of which “Rigoletto”, “Traviata”, “Aida”, “Othello” have been heard from the scenes of opera theaters around the world for more than a hundred years. The works of other genres, with the exception of an inspired requiem, are practically not known, the manuscripts of most of them are lost.

Verdi, unlike many musicians of the XIX century. Nevertheless, his long, difficult, not always rapid and crowned by victories, the creative path was aimed at a deeply suffered and conscious goal - to achieve musical realism in an opera performance. Life in all the variety of conflicts is a comprehensive theme of the composer's work. The range of its embodiment was unusually wide - from the conflicts of social to the confrontation of feelings in the soul of one person.

At the same time, the art of Verdi carries a sense of special beauty and harmony. His own music became a model of beautiful, sincere and inspired art. Clearly realizing the creative tasks, Verdi was tireless in search of the most perfect forms of embodiment of his plans, extremely demanding on himself, to librettors and performers. He often selected a literary basis for the libretto, discussed in detail with the librettists the whole process of its creation.

The most fruitful cooperation associated the composer with such librettors as T. Solera, F. Piave, A. Gislanzoni, A. Verdi demanded the dramatic truth from the singers, he was intolerant of any manifestation of falsehood on the stage, meaningless virtuosity, not painted with deep feelings, not justified by dramatic effect. Great talent, soul and stage flair ” - these are the qualities that he primarily appreciated in the performers.

Verdi lived a long life. He was born in the family of a tractor peasant. His teachers were the village church organist P. Baystrocki, then F. Cherti, who headed the musical life in Bussato, and the conductor of the Milan Theater La Scala V. Being already a mature composer, Verdi wrote: “I learned some of the best works of modernity, not studying them, and when I heard them in the theater, the first success of the young composer was related to the production of the Milan Theater of the Opera Opera“ Oberto "in the city 3 years later, the Nebuchadonor opera “Nabukko” was delivered in the same theater, which brought the author wide fame the first operator’s first operator appeared in the era of the revolutionary upsurge in Italy, which was called the Risorjimento era.

The struggle for the unification and independence of Italy covered the whole people. Verdi could not stay away. He deeply experienced the victories and defeats of the revolutionary movement, although he did not consider himself a politician. Heroic-patriotic operas of the x The biblical and historical plots of these operas, far from the present, sang heroism, freedom and independence, and therefore were close to thousands of Italians.

However, the creative interests of the young composer were not limited to the topic of the heroic struggle. In search of new plots, the composer turns to the classics of world literature: V. Hugo “Ernani”, V. Shakespeare “Macbeth”, F. Schiller “Louise Miller”, the expansion of the theme of creativity was accompanied by the search for new musical means, the growth of composer skills.

The period of creative maturity was marked by the remarkable triad of the operas: “Rigoletto”, “Trubadur”, “Traviata” in Verdi’s work for the first time openly sounded against social injustice. The heroes of these operas, endowed with dusty, noble feelings, come into conflict with generally accepted norms of morality. The appeal to such plots was an extremely bold step by Verdi wrote about the “travate”: “The plot is modern.

Another would not have taken up, maybe for this plot because of decency, because of the era and because of a thousand other stupid prejudices, I am engaged in it with the greatest pleasure. ” By the middle of the x. The composer concludes contracts not only with Italian theaters. In the city, in connection with its production, the composer twice leaves for Russia.The opera was not very successful, although Verdi's music was popular in Russia.

Among the opera x. The music of “Don Carlos”, saturated with deep psychologism, anticipates Verdi’s opera art - “Aida” and “Othello”. The achievements of all previous operas organically merged in it: the perfection of music, bright colorism, and the vengeance of drama. Following Aida, the Requiem was created, after which the silence for more than 10 years came, caused by the crisis of social and musical life.

In Italy, the widespread hobby of the music of R. Wagner reigned, while the national culture was in oblivion. The current situation was not just a struggle of tastes, various aesthetic positions, without which artistic practice is unthinkable, and the development of all art. It was the time of the fall in the priority of national artistic traditions, which was especially deeply experienced by patriots of Italian art.

Verdi reasoned like this: “Art belongs to all nations. No one believes in this more firmly than me. But it develops individually. And if the Germans have a different artistic practice than ours, their art is based on ours. We cannot compose as the Germans the last work of Verdi - the comic opera Falstaff - surprises with its cheerfulness and impeccable skill; It seems to open a new page of the composer’s work, unfortunately, has not received continuation.

Verdi’s whole life is illuminated by deep conviction of the correctness of the chosen path: “As for art, I have my own thoughts, my beliefs, very clear, very accurate, which I cannot, and should not refuse.” Eskyudier, one of the contemporaries of the composer, very accurately described him: “Verdi had only three passions. But they reached the greatest power: love of art, national feeling and friendship.

” Interest in the passionate and truthful work of Verdi does not weaken. For new generations of music lovers, it invariably remains a classic standard, combining the clarity of thought, inspiration of feelings and musical perfection. Golden Source: Creative portraits of composers, G. was born in the family of a tractor peasant. He was engaged in the Ververenensky organist P.

Baystrocki, later in Busseto - at F., from the age of 15 he taught at the Busso music school, played at the organ in the city cathedral, and conducted the orchestra. The first works of Verdi - marches, dances, plays for an orchestra and solo instruments, romances, church music are the first works of Verdi. In –35 he took lessons from the Milan musician V. studied the old Italian music, the works of German classics, and modern opera.

With Verdi, he headed musical life in Bussato.

He arranged concerts, studied with orchestraants and singers, conducted symphonic and wind orchestras, and also wrote music. Among the best works of these years - the choirs to the tragedies of A. Already in these years, Verdi's calling as an opera composer was determined. His attempt to put in Parma in the opera Rochester failed; After 2 years, a processed opera called Oberto, Count San Bonifacho was successfully performed in Milan, the La Scala Theater.

In this opera, the influence of V. Bellini and G. Donizetti is especially noticeable in her melody, but the individual features of Verdi's composer style appear: dramatic temperament, rhythm energy. The opera “King for an hour”, the libretto is based on the French Fars “Imaginary Stanislav”, created in a difficult time for Verdi's death, and in the previous 2 years - daughter and son, at the premiere was Oxvistan.

The unknown to the composer was brought by the Opera Nebucodonosor “Nabukko”, the first of Verdi’s historical and heroic operas related to national liberation ideas. The central place in the opera is occupied by courageous choirs that embody the image of the people. Despite the biblical plot, the Italians heard a story about the fate of their homeland fighting for freedom in Nabukko.

Opera “Lombardians in the first crusade”, glorifying the fighting spirit of the ancient Lombardy, strengthened Verdi's fame. Opera x The people sang choirs from Werdie operas, so close to the revolutionary folk songs of Italy.