Creative biography of Nabokov

Ranchin A. Birth "Sirina" Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov was born on April 10, Art. Father, Vladimir Dmitrievich, was one of the leading politicians of the Cadet Party, after the February revolution of G. from his father Nabokov inherited liberal views, hatred of despotism in any manifestations, a developed sense of self -esteem, decisive character and commitment to Western cultural values.

However, politics, unlike his father, left her son always indifferent. Mother, Elena Ivanovna nee Rukavishnikova, came from a small noble family. Nabokov studied at the Tenishevsky school by the literary debut of Nabokov in the press, the collection “Poems” after the October Revolution, G. Nabokov, moved to the Crimea, where his father took up the post of Minister of Justice in the Government of the Crimean Republic.

This happened on April 2 on April 15, Nabokov studied Russian and French literature at the University of Cambridge in the UK. At the end of the university, he moved to his father’s family in Germany, to Berlin. In Berlin, he lived to the city in Berlin on March 28 of the city Milyukov from the monarchists attached to him. The death of his father is clearly and coveredly reflected in several works by Nabokov.

In the first half of the x. Nabokov published poetry collections “The Mountain Way” and “The Bilet”, the translations of “Alice with the Wonderland” by L. Carroll “Anya in Wonderland” and “Cola of Brunion” by R. Rollan “Nikola Persik”. He published his works under the pseudonym “V. Sirin "Sirin" is a word meaning a mythical bird of paradise and, apparently, associated for Nabokov with the name of Gogol, an identical designation of a bird, Gogol ducks.

In the city of the main event of Ganin's Russian life - love for Mashenka, who remained in his homeland. Ganin learns that Mashenka became the wife of Alferov, his neighbor in the Berlin boarding house and that she should come to Berlin. The hero of the story expects a meeting with her as a miracle, as a return to the seemingly lost past. He goes to the station to meet Mashenka, but when the train comes up, he suddenly rides to another station to leave the city.

This is the topic of irrevocably lost Russia as the likeness of lost paradise and as the embodiment of the happiness of youth; This is the topic of time and memories, simultaneously opposing everything to destroying time and tolerates failure in this vain struggle. In the story, as in the several later prose works of the writer, the events of the adolescence and youth of the author were prevailing: the country place Voskresensk resembles Batovo, Ryur and Christmas, in which the childhood, adolescence and youth of Nabokov passed; The history of Ganin and Mashenka vaguely resembles the youthful love of Vladimir Nabokov and Lucy Shulgina, whom the future writer met in the estate of his Uncle Rozhdestven near St.

Petersburg in the summer of G. However, preserving the autobiographical “trace” in the plot of the story, Nabokov consciously avoids direct similarity: Ganin, although endowed with the gift of imagination, is represented by a person far from literature, far from literature, far from literature, far from literature, far from literature, far from literature And Nabokov, living in Berlin, did not expect a new meeting with his first lover.

Nabokov discards the template and proposed by the very arrangement of the characters - “Love Triangle”; Ganin’s refusal to meet with Mashenka has not a traditional psychological, but deep philosophical motivation: the Nabokov character realizes the unnecessary meeting, for it is impossible to return the time to the time, and such an attempt would be subordinate to the past and abandonment of himself.

The heroine, whose name makes the title of the work, never appears on his pages, and its very existence seems semi -real, semi -efemeric. The theme of the time so significant in the story is one of the through topics of Nabokov, who again and again wrote about the gap with the forever disappeared and at the same time trying to overcome this gap in a creative imagination. In the works of Nabokov, this is either the imagination and world of the character’s dreams, or the imagination of the author himself, in a transformed form, resurrects his own past on the pages of his prose, or the imagination of an autobiographical hero, like Fedor Godunov in the novel “Gift”.

These are the diverse sounds from nightingale singing, meaning the natural beginning and the past, to the noise of the train and tram, personifying the world of equipment and the present, smells, repeating images - trains, trams, lights, shadows, associations of heroes with birds. Literary subtexts of the story - “Eugene Onegin” by A. Pushkin, on the plot of which meetings of the part of the heroes of the story, the lyrics of A.

Fet are the images of the nightingale and roses, A. lyrics A. Pushkin and A. Blok heroine under the falling snow and among the snow, dates to the snowstorm. The second large work of Nabokov, the novel “King, Lady, Valet” is written on German material. The novel is built on leitmotic images associated with a card game, with a waltz and with mannequins symbolizing a mechanical, soulless world.

In the final of the novel, the author himself appears in the role of background characters and his wife will subsequently resort to this reception of Nabokov repeatedly.The romance of the novel is the story of the connection of the wife of the merchant, Maria Dreyer, with Franz, her husband's nephew; Lovers conceive suicide, but it is not committed due to the suddenly opened new circumstances, and Maria Dreyer, sick, dies.

The main meaning, the theme of the novel is whimsical and unpredictability of fate, confusing players all cards. Nabokov will turn to the same topic in the novel "Despair" is full. The image of the criminal game, the “aesthetics” of the cynical deception is the theme of the novel “Obscura Camera” in the first edition “Camera Obscura”,-telling about the blind man Kretschmare, which is deceived by the wife of Magda, cheating on his husband in his lover, artist-cricaturist Mountain.

Compositionally, the novel is focused on the boulevard fiction and cinema of that time: the plot dominates, not descriptiveness, the text is divided into short chapters, the action of which breaks off in the most stressful moment. The main character, Martyn Edelweiss, secretly returns to Soviet Russia and disappears. The “Luzhin Protection” tells about the brilliant chess player Luzhin, in the painful consciousness of which the world appears like a chessboard on which a dangerous game is being held against it.

For Luzhin’s life and consciousness, his wife and rival, a grandmaster with the “chess” name of the tour “tour”, are fighting among themselves - a rook. Luzhin seeks to escape from life, from chess to the lost paradise of childhood, but chess or time itself avenge him for this, forcing him to be in a state that looks crazy, to commit suicide. The classical psychologism and household details are combined in a novel with a modernist game between the reality and painful fantasies of the hero.

In Svyglyathay, Nabokov develops a unmotivated change in a narrative point of view characteristic of modernist poetics, but does it in a non -trivial way. In the beginning, the hero talks about his attempt to suicide, and then he himself turns out to be the object of attention of others and the subject of the author’s story; The identity of the "I" and the character named Smurov is found out only in the course of the story.

Behind this technique hides a deep philosophical meaning: a person’s inequality to himself. Departure to France. The novel “Gift” “Invitation to Execution” is the main character, Cincinnate C. The sentence is declared in a whisper, the executioner entertains the zincinnat with focus, his incorrect wife Marfinka is ready to settle in her husband’s cell before his execution.

The reality of the totalitarian state appears to be a triumph of fraud and vulgarity, the execution is portrayed as liberation - the hero’s awakening from the fainting “sleep”. The most voluminous and final work of Nabokov of the Russian period was the “Gift”, recognized by the researchers as the best novel of the writer, Roman was written from at the beginning of G. Chernyshevsky, in the journal Modern Notes in - GG.

According to the characteristic of the author himself, the “gift” is a novel whose main character is “Russian literature”. This is a narrative on behalf of the author about his hero, the poet-emigrant Fedor Godunov-Cherdyntsev, who lives, like Nabokov himself, in Berlin, alternating with Fedor's story about himself and his life. In addition to the main framing line, the “gift” contains: verses of Fedor; The biography of Father Fyodor, a traveler-guide Konstantin Godunov-Cherdyntsev, mentally created, but not written by his son; Biography of N.

Chernyshevsky, written by Fedor and component of the fourth chapter of the novel; Critics reviews on this biography, as if published by a separate book. In addition, the “gift” can be read as an artistic recharging of the events of the life of Nabokov himself. The story of Fedor's love for Zina Mertz, who has become a soda of Musa for him, recalls Nabokov’s love and faith Slonim: the writer met her in Berlin in the city of Fate, repeatedly previously introduced Fedor and Zina, also finds a real correspondence: the paths of Nabokov and Vera in the past, long before their meeting, passed very nearby and almost intersected.

Fyodor Nabokov gave his fascination with collecting and description of butterflies; Godunov-Sr. is an independent disposition and courageous character is similar to Vladimir Dmitrievich Nabokov. The poet and critic Koncheev, highly appreciating the works of Fedor, is correlated with the poet and critic V. Khodasevich, who loved and revered Nabokov’s work, and the writer Christopher Mortus, biased to the writings of the Nabokovsky hero, is the grotesque double of the poet and critic G.

Adamovich, who spoke out of a nabokov-writer. Another, dominant plan “Dara” is literary subtexts, one of the main ones are the works of A. Pushkin and, in particular, “Eugene Onegin”: the Nabokov novel ends with poetic lines about goodbye with a book dating back to the final poems of the eighth chapter of the Pushkin novel in verses. The Nabokov Roman was built on the romantic antithesis of the ordinary vulgar world, Berlin Germans, the unification of Russian writers in Berlin, positivism and utilitarianism in the worldview of N.Chernyshevsky, Hero of Godunov’s book and high poetry of creativity, feat, love, Dar Fedor, the heroic of the wanderings of his father, the love of Fedor for Zina.

But unlike the romantic and constant psychological prose of Nabokov, it sequentially blurred the boundaries between reality, memory and imagination. In the "gift" the new is made from Amalgam, from a complex combination of elements of traditional and modernist poetics. The editors of the magazine Modern Notes, which invariably favored Nabokov, categorically rejected this chapter of “Dara”, and Roman came out without it.

Nevertheless, the “gift” strengthened the primary place of the author in the literature of Russian emigration. These attempts became especially persistent after the outbreak of World War II. In - gg. The novel narrated about the attempt to create a biography of the writer Sebastian Knight, undertaken by his consolidated brother. His topic is the ratio of life and creativity, the limitations of a biographer, striving to find the truth.

In the second half of May, life in America. C to gg. The novel brought the writer a huge, although not devoid of scandalous, glory and financial independence. This allowed Nabokov to leave teaching and devote himself to literature.

Here Nabokov spent the last seventeen years of his life. He died in Montreyo and was buried in the cemetery of the neighboring village of Clarance. Of the professional classes of Nabokov, the teaching and study of Russian literature grew biography-research "Nikolai Gogol" in English, published in the city Pushkin "Evgeny Onegin" in English translation, also made by Nabokov, a 4-volume edition, a change in the literary name corresponded to the change of language.

Since that time, Nabokov wrote almost exclusively in English. His most significant Russian works are translations or Russian versions of works written in English: the Russian translation of the novel “Lolita” and the memoir book “Other Bereg”, whose original English version is the book “Conclusive Evidence”, “Conference evidence”, and the later version is the book “Speak, Memory” “Memory, Speak”, after G.