Chaadaev biography philosopher

The latest news was the biography of Peter Chaadaev called the moral ideal of the era, and after the publication of philosophical work, which is going against the royal system - “state crazy”. Unlike his characters, Chaadaev lived far from human passions and passed away lonely. Childhood and Youth Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev was born on May 27 on June 7 in Moscow. The parents of Peter and Mikhail, his older brother, suffered death early, and in the year of the boys the older sister of her mother Anna Shcherbatova took to care.

Pyotr Chaadaev in his youth in the year Peter Chaadaev, having received a worthy home education, entered Moscow University. The philosopher Johann Bula called Chaadaev a favorite student. Already in his student years, Chaadaev showed interest in fashion. The memoirist Mikhail Zhikharev described the portrait of his contemporary: "The art of dressing Chaadaev erected almost to the degree of historical significance." Pyotr Yakovlevich was famous for the ability to dance and conduct a secular conversation, which exposed him in a profitable light among women.

Attention from the opposite sex, as well as intellectual superiority over peers, made Chaadaev a “hard -hearted self -lover”. The military service and social activities of the Patriotic War of the year found the Chaadaev brothers in Moscow society of mathematicians. Young people joined the Life Guard of the Semenovsky regiment in the rank of supporters. For the courage shown in the battle of Borodino, Peter Yakovlevich was raised to the ensign, awarded the Order of St.

Anna and Kulm Cross for a bayonet attack in the battle of Kulm. He also participated in the Tarutin maneuver, the battle of Maloyaroslavets. Decembrist Sergey Muravyov-Apostol explained this act of Peter Yakovlevich with the desire to show off in a hussar uniform. In the year, he moved to the Life Guards of the Hussar Regiment, promoted to lieutenant. A year later, Chaadaev became the adjutant of the future General Illarion Vasilchikov.

The hussar regiment was stationed in Tsarskoye Selo. The great Russian poet devoted to the philosopher’s poem “To the portrait of Chaadaev”, “In the country where I forgot the anxieties of previous years”, “What cold doubts”, and Peter Yakovlevich, being a friend of Pushkin, “forced him to think,” talking on literary and philosophical topics. After a meeting with the emperor in the year, the adjutant, who gives hopes for a brilliant military future, resigned.

The news shocked society and gave rise to many legends. According to the official version, Chaadaev, who once served in the Semenovsky regiment, could not endure the punishment of close comrades. For other considerations, the philosopher suffered the idea to convey to former fellow soldiers. Contemporaries also suggested that Chaadaev was late for a meeting with Alexander I, because he picked up a wardrobe for a long time, or that the sovereign expressed a thought that contradicted the ideas of Peter Yakovlevich.

Having parted with a military affair, Chaadaev plunged into a protracted spiritual crisis. Due to health problems in the year, he went on a trip to Europe, not planning to return to Russia. On trips, Pyotr Yakovlevich actively updated the library with religious books. He was especially attracted to work, the main idea of ​​which was the plexus of scientific progress and Christianity.

Chaadaev’s health state worsened, and in the year he decided to return to Russia. On the border, he was arrested on suspicion of involvement in the uprising of the Decembrists, which occurred a year earlier. From Pyotr Yakovlevich they took a receipt that he was not in secret societies. However, this information was obviously false. Even in the year, Chaadaev entered the Petersburg box of united friends, reached the San "Master".

The philosopher was quickly disappointed in the idea of ​​secret societies, and in the year he completely left his associates. Then he entered the Northern Society. He later criticized the Decembrists, believing that the armed uprising pushed Russia half a century ago. Philosophy and creativity returning to Russia, Chaadaev settled near Moscow. His neighbor was Ekaterina Panova.

The philosopher had a correspondence with her - first business, then friendly. Young people discussed mainly religion, faith. Chaadaev’s response to the spiritual throwing of Panova was “Philosophical Letters”, created in years. The portrait of Peter Chaadaev, the work written in the epistolary genre caused the indignation of political and religious figures. For thoughts expressed in work, Nicholas I recognized Chaadaev and Panov crazy.

The philosopher was established medical supervision, and the girl was sent to a psychiatric hospital. The “philosophical letters” were caused by acute criticism because the cult of Orthodoxy was debunked in them. Chaadaev wrote that the religion of the Russian people, unlike Western Christianity, does not free people from slavery, but on the contrary, enslaves.

The publicist Alexander Herzen later called these ideas "revolutionary Catholicism." Emperor Nicholas I magazine Telescop, in which the first of eight “philosophical letters” was published in the year, was closed, the editors were exiled to hard labor. Up to a year, Chaadaev was a medical examination daily to prove his mental well -being.Supervision from the philosopher was removed on the condition that he "does not dare to write anything." Chaadaev violated this promise in the same year, writing the "Madman Apology" was not published during his lifetime.

Labor responded to accusations of "negative patriotism", talked about the reasons for the backwardness of the Russian people. The book of Peter Chaadaev Peter Yakovlevich believed that Russia is between the East and the West, but in essence it does not belong to any of the parties to the world. A nation that seeks to draw the best of two cultures and at the same time not to become a follower of any of them is doomed to degradation.

The only ruler that Chaadaev spoke with respect, is Peter I, who returned to Russia its former greatness and power by introducing elements of the West into the Russian culture. Chaadaev was a Wester, but the Slavophiles treated him with respect. The proof of this is the words of Alexei Khomyakov, a vivid representative of Slavophilism: “The enlightened mind, artistic feeling, a noble heart - are those qualities that attracted everyone to him; At a time when, apparently, the thought was plunged into a heavy and involuntary dream.

He was especially expensive because he himself was awake and encouraged others. ” Personal life ill -wishers called Chaadaev a “ladies philosopher”: he was constantly surrounded by women, knew how to fall in love with even the wives devoted to husbands.

At the same time, the personal life of Peter Yakovlevich did not work out. Ekaterina Panova, the addressee of “Philosophical Letters”, was most affected by male ambition. Even after liberation from a psychiatric hospital, the girl did not blame her lover in her misfortune. She was looking for a meeting with a philosopher, but she died without a response letter, a lonely legless old woman.

She fell in love with a philosopher without memory, and when he had no money left for the payment of the servants, she offered to look after him for free, but he left for Moscow, to the Levashov family. Pyotr Chaadaev and Ekaterina Levashova Avdotya was a painful and weak girl, and therefore died early - at 36 years old. Chaadaev, who had left Norova’s letters for a long time, visited her in the hospital shortly before his death.

Ekaterina Levashova, although she was a married woman, sincerely loved Chaadaeva. The spouse and older children did not understand why she did not take money from the philosopher for housing. Catherine’s reverent attitude towards the guest lasted 6 years, up to her death. The death of the Moscow Vedomosti newspaper on April 14, a short necrologist appeared: “At 5 o’clock in the afternoon, one of the Moscow old -timer Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev, known in almost all the circles of our metropolitan society, died after a short illness.” The grave of Peter Chaadaev, he died of pneumonia, without having to live to 63 years.

The memoirist Mikhail Zhikharev once asked the philosopher why he runs from women, "like a devil from incense," and he replied: "Learn after my death." Chaadaev ordered to bury himself near his beloved women - in the Don Monastery at the grave of Avdotya Norova or in the Pokrovsky temple near Ekaterina Levashova. The philosopher found the last peace in the Donskoy cemetery in Moscow.

Quotes "vanity generates a fool, arrogance - anger." One exception is happiness. They consider it completely natural to have happiness, not doing anything to acquire it, that is, to earn it. ”