M Ginzburg biography

Architect, theorist of architecture, methodologist, experimenter, organizer of the design case Ginzburg Moses Yakovlevich on May 25, Minsk - January 7, Moscow Education and School Education of Ginzburg, which allowed him to become one of the organizers and leaders of constructivism - one of the leading directions in the architecture of the Avangard era, which he graduated from the commercial school in the commercial school in Minsk, where fundamental disciplines were mathematics, drawing and drawing.

They were actively supplemented by home education: he took painting lessons, read books on history and art. The passion for literature was encouraged. Participates in the publication of the manuscript magazine distributed to the school. Father, a practicing Minsk architect and developer, attracted him to work in his workshop. After graduating from the school, he found the opportunity to send his son to learn architecture abroad.

Ginzburg began the search for an attractive architectural school for himself in France for several months at the Paris Academy of Fine Arts, then at the Toulouse architectural school, however, he opted for the Milan Academy of Arts.

For several years he studied in the group of the famous architect, Professor Gaetano Moretti, where he received a full-fledged architectural and artistic training, which was combined with mastering the skills of joint work in a creative team on the principle of medieval professional and justice communes and gaining experience in everyday life in a historical city. A multifaceted humanitarian education ended with receiving a diploma of the architect-artist.

Having returned to Russia, he enters the Riga Polytechnic Institute, which was due to the events of the First World War in evacuation in Moscow, graduates in, receiving training under the program of a civil engineer. In the first independent work - a mansion in Yevpatoria, together with N. Kopeliovich, as in an academic diploma project in Milan, gave tribute to Modern.

Then, for four years, he has been working in Crimea, where he was able to realize all the professional opportunities he accumulated. Ginzburg combined architectural and construction practice with the study of the folk architecture of Crimea. The result of creativity in these years was the first scientific work-“Tatar art in the Crimea”, the Crimea pavilion at the All-Russian agricultural and artisanal and industrial exhibition in Moscow, as well as organized in the Crimea with the participation of Ginzburg, the Department of Protection of Architecture and Art Monuments, the first leader of which he became.

Residential building. Moscow, Malaya Bronnaya Street M. Kommunal House. Competitive project. Photo by M. Ginzburg, I. Experimental residential building on Novinsky Boulevard. Particular attention in these years pays scientific and pedagogical activity. Already in him, Professor of VKhUTEMAS, conducts courses in the history of architecture and theory of architectural composition.

Ginzburg is approved by the actual member of the Gahn, where he acts with numerous scientific reports united by common problems: understanding the content and features of modern architecture. This served as the basis for the compilers of the “Dictionary of Artistic Terms”, the work on which went at the Academy C, unprecedentedly invite the two authors to give their definition to the concept of “architecture”: A.

Gabrichevsky and the modern Ginzburg Ginzburg - and write two independent articles for the dictionary on their basis. According to the program of Gakhn, Ginzburg headed the scientific expedition to Bukhara, where he fully realized the Crimean experience of the scenes and examination of the monuments and the organization of the Museum of Historical Heritage and Art. Following this, in, he goes on a business trip from Gahn to Turkey to study the Byzantine and Muslim monuments, in a certain sense, repeating the well -known journey of Le Corbusier to the East, this trip of Ginzburg became an important stage in the subsequently adding many years of professional friendship between them.

In the year, publishes the book “Rhythm in Architecture”, which eventually became, as well as two years later, the work “Style and Age”, world famous. In the first of them, he set out to describe in geometric parameters the artistic and aesthetically meaningful state of movement in space, which allows us to consider this book as an introductory section into the theory of modern architectural forming, by analogy with the “kinematics of mechanisms” by N.

Meretsalov, an introductory section to the theory of machines and mechanisms. Ginzburg wrote at the same time that machines and engineering structures cannot serve as a methodological equivalent for the theory of architectural creativity, "an expressive spatial solution that constitutes a true sign of architecture." The book “Style and Age” is about the modern architecture understood by the author in the context of his time as the beginning of the formation of a new large style.

The story in this work is not oriented, as is customary, in the past, but is deployed into the future. Ginzburg precedes the book by a double epigraph.One - from the book of Henry Valflin “Renaissance and Baroque” - fixes attention on the fact that “the old is reborn, dragging everything behind itself ... The new style becomes a fact.” The second epigraph is a visual - a photograph of the Triplan Kaproni - reminds the reader of the civilizational innovations of his time.

The dialogue between the requirements of artistic culture and the capabilities proposed by civilization in the interpretation of Ginzburg became the basis of constructivist thinking and activity. He realized it fully in scientific work, substantiating the transition from the atavistic concept of “construction” to the modern concept of “installation”. In design practice, in accordance with the newly designed methodology, he preferred to work in the copyright groups formed by him, maximally identifying the techniques of creative creativity based on the complementary dialogue of co -authors.

In parallel with scientific and pedagogical work, he designed a lot, takes part in almost all major competitions, starting from the competition to the Labor Palace in Moscow: a competition for the Palace of Labor in Yekaterinoslav, together with B. Gassenpflug and S. Ginzburg, works throughout the entire period of the formation and development of constructivism-the newly nascent creative method in architecture, one of the leaders of which, whose leaders, an outfit with A.

Vesnin, it becomes. In, when the publication of the magazine "CA" and its responsible editors also began, Ginzburg and A. Vesnin also became, theoretical understanding of this direction mainly fell on Ginzburg. During this period, his attention is focused on developing a functional method in architecture and understanding social problems, primarily in connection with housing construction.

In he publishes in the “SA” article “New Method of Architectural Thinking”. Implementing it, in the same year he designed and builds a five -story residential building with a hostel at the upper level for employees of the state insurance on Malaya Bronnaya Street in Moscow, and a year later in co -authorship with I. Milinis and engineer S. at the first exhibition of modern architecture in Moscow, Ginzburg presented the project of a communal house.

In the future, he had the opportunity to carry out experiments in the field of mass housing construction in state institutions. B was organized a section of typification under the construction committee of the RSFSR, where he formed the concept of transition from a communal house to a communal house, which combined apartment settlement with developed public services. In the State plan of the USSR, on the basis of a creative group that passed from the construction committee, a section of socialist resettlement was created.

Here, new approaches to the design of housing were formed inextricably by urban planning problems and the ideas of desurbanism and linear resettlement system actively developed by Ginzburg in these years were realized. B - the work was continued in Giprogora, in the section of the prefabricated construction and layout later, the Bashkir work section.

The book “Housing” is published, which summarizes both theoretical and practical experience of designing and building housing and residential areas. Particular attention is paid to transitional houses and experiments in the field of mass housing construction. B - in the AA of the USSR, Ginzburg resumed this work and created the Tipilation Bureau for the development of the principles of post -war mass housing construction.

Search and experiments characterize all the design work of Ginzburg. At the same time, the new types of buildings for various purposes were the subject of constant scientific and creative interest. This was most fully manifested in sanatorium-resort construction, starting from the project of the Institute of Disabled in Moscow, to the resort region on the southern coast of Crimea-, the sanatorium named after Ordzhonikidze in Kislovodsk - and others.

All of them were interpreted by Ginzburg as multifunctional objects created as a self -sufficient “city in the city” and providing a high level of residence. The functional design method developed, improved and deepened for many years. At the end of the X - beginning of the X, Ginzburg again devoted several works that remained to this day in the manuscripts in which he relied, as before, on the methodological universality of the concept of “function”, which he carried out of the works of Ernst Cassirer in particular, from the labor “cognition and reality” written in and already published in Russian translation.

Focused attention on the problems of constructing the project method in architecture, the methodological maturity of a research, system-organized approach to editing creativity, characterize the professional thinking and activities of Ginzburg as a whole. His scientific and creative heritage most fully conveys the feeling of modernity at the time allotted to him.

Literature: S. space, time, movement and era M. Moses Ginzburg. Rhythm in architecture.