Bobov biography

This culture has another name: Russian beans. What is this plant? Beans are an annual plant with a low straight stem and an extensive root system that goes into the soil to a depth of one and a half meters. The fruit V. Inside the seeds that can be of different shapes and colors are white, green, dark brown, purple or black. There is a long -fruited option in which up to eight seeds, and a short -fruited “Windor” - he has up to four.

Currently, about a hundred varieties of beans are known, they are divided into field fodder and garden foods. The stern has relatively small seeds and a plentiful green part. Food seeds have large, up to 3 cm in length, and large fleshy leaves. The birthplace of horse beans is the Middle East and the Mediterranean. This is one of the oldest food cultures.

The earliest findings of beans are made in Israel and belong to the settlements of the Neolithic era - years ago. About a year BC, Bobs are already widely known in the Mediterranean region. Gradually, they spread throughout Europe, reaching even such a distant corner as Britain, and spreading along the Nile Valley, fell into Ethiopia. In these countries, beans served as ordinary food of ordinary people.

Our country was no exception, in Rus' the beans were grown at least a thousand years, and they lasted until Peter's times, when they were replaced by the beans imported from the west. How are Russian beans useful? For our country, Russian beans are a real treasure, since this culture is unpretentious: it grows on poor soils, including sour and clay, tolerates frosts to the OS.

Heat -loving beans and soybeans do not withstand such conditions. In terms of protein, bean is inferior only to soy. In the seeds of beans, peas and lentils of proteins are fewer. The fiber content is higher than in other legumes, due to the thicker shell of seeds. For all the nutritional value, this is a low -calorie product, in grams of 56.9 kcal. Russian beans are a source of B vitamins, especially B6 Pyridoxine, B1 Tiamin, B2 Riboflavin and B3 Niacin.

The plant also has ascorbic acid, carotene and mineral salts of calcium, potassium, phosphorus, iron, sulfur and magnesium. Young beans are a source of L-Dopa, 84 grams of fresh seeds contain up to 50 mg of this substance. In medicine, it is known as Levodopa, a cure for Parkinson's disease. At the beginning of the twentieth century, horse beans were used as raw materials to receive it.

Unfortunately, in the past 50 years, the consumption of beans around the world has halved. People prefer cereal crops that are easier to clean in an industrial way. Now in Europe it is mainly a feed product. What can be prepared from beans. Nevertheless, in many countries, horse beans are happy to eat both in the stage of milk ripeness and ripened. Unripe seeds or entire beans are used as vegetables, canned and frozen.

Completely ripened. Previously, they need to be soaked at night in cold water, and cook in fresh. The process lasts several hours, and it is very important to bring it to the end, because undercooked beans are tasteless. To check if the beans are ready, two or three pieces are taken in a spoon and blow on them. If the skin from the seeds gets off, they cooked. Mature seed flour is used for the preparation of vegetable cream, and also added to sausage minced meat and dough.

In this capacity, bean flour completely replaces soy. One of the popular Middle Eastern dishes is Falafel, deep-fried or baked in the oven balls made of dry beans, which are soaked, and then grind with onions, parsley, caminet, green and dry coriander. Sometimes an chickpeas are added to the beans. Falafel is filled with Pete, served with salad, vegetables or hot sauces.

Falafel is often prepared from small -seeded varieties, since they are more aromatic. Russian black beans. In the 10th years, the VNII of the selection and seedling of vegetable crops was brought out by the Black Black Bobs. He can grow from the Leningrad region to Transbaikalia. In one bean, two or three large seeds of excellent taste. Green beans are fleshy, they can not be yelling.

Mature seeds of dark purple, almost black, in English "Deep Purple". They are bought even in the West, "in the original Russian packaging." Forbidden fruit. Despite the fact that horse beans are a useful and nutritious product, sometimes they were banned. In ancient Greece, the priests who participated in the Orphic and Eleusian mysteries were prohibited not only to eat beans, but also to touch them, look at them and think about them.

This was reported by the ancient Greek writer of the II century Pausanias. In his work, the “Description of Ellada”, he writes that when the goddess of fertility Demeter in search of her daughter wandered into the city of Feneis, the inhabitants showed her hospitality, and for this she gave them seeds of struggle plants, but not beans, so the seeds of beans are considered unclean in them.

The previously living ancient Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras - GG. He believed that the souls of the dead were moving to the beans. However, these prohibitions may have a more prosaic explanation - phavism, or intolerance to horse beans.In a person suffering from this disease, beans are caused by hemolysis of the destruction of red blood cells. The skin becomes yellow, the spleen and the liver are enlarged.

If there are a lot of beans, the patients have a temperature, they feel weakness and abdominal pain, it is difficult to breathe, the heart is pounding. In severe cases, acute renal failure develops. Favism is a hereditary disease associated with a deficiency of the enzyme glucoseophosphate dehydrogenase of the State Foreign Affairs. It is caused by a recessive mutation in a gene located on a female sex chromosome, so men are sick with phavism, and women with such a mutation are usually carriers, but they themselves are healthy.

About a million people suffer from this ailment, it is quite common among residents of the Mediterranean. Products of the activity of the StatePhic District are necessary for the neutralization of hydrogen peroxide, and red blood cells are especially sensitive to oxidative damage, which are not able to synthesize their own enzyme. Under normal conditions, the life of the red blood cells in sick people is only slightly reduced, but if you eat some strong oxidizing agent, hemolysis and anemia begin.

Raw beans contain two alkaloids, vitsin and stalkin, in the body they are oxidized, forming active forms of oxygen, and provoke hemolysis. Epidemiologists note that the area of ​​the origin of beans corresponds to the area of ​​the spread of malaria, some pathogens of this disease are very sensitive to hemolysis caused by phavism. Therefore, perhaps the selection contributed to the preservation of the high frequency of the mutant Gene of the GFD in malaria areas.

What are the dangerous beans. Like all legumes, horse beans contain purins, so they are harmful to people suffering from gout. In their seeds there are also tripsin inhibitors, tannins, phytic acid, interfering with phosphorus, calcium and some other minerals. Oligosahara Bobs Stachiosis, Raffinosis and Verbascosis, during fermentation in the intestines, secrete methane and other gases.

The content of many unpleasant components can be reduced by selection. For feed purposes, they try to use varieties of beans in which the number of tannins, tripsin inhibitors, Vitsin and the Concines are minimized. Beans contain phytoestrogens - isoflavonoids, biological activity similar to female sex hormones. Their excess can be harmful to a person. At the same time, horse beans contain less phytoestrogens than other legumes, especially soy.

So Russian beans are almost the perfect replacement of soy in our country. Bob drink. A substitute for coffee is prepared from ripe beans. To begin with, they are soaked for three days. Surviving protects against harmful proteins, and starch during this time turns into sugar. Then the beans are dried, crushed and fry to brown. At the same time, sugar is caramelized, so that the drink acquires a pleasant aroma and thick dark brown color.

Ground grains are brewed as ordinary coffee. Share: different differences have forgotten about the water cycle how quickly the water moves in the cycle on the ground?

Having begun to deal with this issue in detail, the researchers from the United States were surprised to find that the river, lakes and seas, glaciers and soil were taken into account in the picture of the water cycle, but the Association of the General and Applied Microbiology called the Corynebacterium GlutAmicum microbiology. What is such an honor for? For merits to humanity. They write that the power of apple color in industrial gardening engaged in the production of apples, there is a by -product - apple color.

These beautiful gardening waste had not used in any way. And then microbiologists from a free university Bolsano decided to take a closer look at them