Richelieu is a brief biography

Hugueno wars. The Anglo-French war is a thirty-year war-a war in Italy. Cardinal C, Duke-Par C, the first minister of King Louis XIII with making a difficult decision to devote all his life to the church, Richelieu clearly did not lose. At the age of only twenty -two years, he has already become a bishop of Lusses. However, due to the special poverty of this diocese, such an important event could not be considered success, and Richelieu did not have enough funds for a decent life.

Soon, however, Richelieu was forced to leave Paris and retire to Avignon, where he spent about two years, engaged in literature and theology. He returned to Paris only in Richelieu was entrusted with the Head of Foreign Affairs, but it soon turned out that he did not intend to limit his sphere of his influence by this institution. Richelieu completely subjugated the king of Louis XIII, in fact completely directing his foreign policy and being in this area not so much as a spiritual person as a statesman.

During the thirty -year war - gg. Richelieu waged a tireless struggle, supporting the Protestants. At first, he put up the Danish troops against the Catholic League, then the Swedish, helping both money, when the death of Gustav II Adolf upset his plans, Richelieu in the city of the Vestfali world G. At the same time, Richelieu acted against the Spanish Royal House. Supporting the rebellious Catalonia, he sought to finally weaken Spain, connected by related and political bonds with the Austrian Habsburgs.

The victories of France were to a large extent contributed to the reorganization of the army and the creation of a navy on the initiative of Richelieu. His foreign policy raised France to the height to which Henry IV once wanted to raise her, who only outlined a policy of counteracting the Habsburgs. In the field of the economy, Richelieu pursued a policy of mercantilism, he expanded the French colonization of Canada, activated the activities of French trade companies in the Antilles, in San Domingo, Senegal, and Madagascar.

Despite all the honors that Louis XIII fell asleep, Richelieu always remained a man of business and loved, first of all, the power itself.

Cold, prudent, he held tightly in his hands the reins of government and with vigilance and foresight noticed a threatening danger, preventing it from the very appearance. Conspiracies were compiled against Richelieu one after another, but all of them, as usual, ended in the exile or execution of his enemies. Maria Medici very soon repented of her former patronage of Richelieu, who completely pushed her into the background.

Together with the wife of King Anna, the old Queen took part in all conspiracies against the cardinal, but even her son preferred Richelieu in everything. Then the queen decided on a desperate step. She fled to Brussels, where she gathered an army around her, and in the city of Richelieu and here she remained a winner. Having captured one of the commanders of the enemy army of the governor of Languedoc, the Duke of Monmoraxi, he executed him, thereby forcing the queen to come to terms.

After that, the power of Richelieu became truly limitless. Louis XIII himself began to feel like a tool in the hands of the cardinal and with sympathy reacted to the last attempt to overthrow Richelieu, which was carried out under the leadership of the friend and favorite of King Saint-Mar. However, this conspiracy crashed, and in the city of Saint-Mar was executed. By order of Richelieu, all the noble castles were wrapped, except for the border, the control of the provinces of the provinces was strengthened and the rights of provincial states, parliaments, and counting chambers were significantly limited.

The provincial administration was transferred to the intended by the government. Richelieu tried to take away the last fortress from the Huguenots and to deprive them of the last rights granted to them by the Nantes Edict of G. At the same time, the Huguenot was left freedom of religion, and many privileges of the Hugueno bourgeoisie were preserved.