Karl Ber Biography

Born in Estland. Worked in Austria and Germany; B and C - in Russia. Opened the egg in mammals, described the stage of Blastula; Studied the embryogenesis of the chicken. He established the similarity of the embryos of higher and lower animals, the consistent appearance of signs of type, class, detachment, etc. in embryogenesis. He studied the new land, Caspian m.

Editor of a series of publications on geography of Russia. He explained the pattern of washing the coast of the Baer River Law. Honorary member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. One of the creators of the Russian Geographical Society. A participant in the expeditions for the New Land and the Caspian Sea - in the city of Bar, he bears the cape on the New Earth and the island in the Taimyr Gulf; As a term, the name Barovskiy Bugrs in the Caspian lowlands included.

Modern illustrated encyclopedia. Rosman-Press, M. Bar Karl Bar Karl Maksimovich [17 SSR,-16 graduated from the Derpt Tartu University with the Königsberg University of Königsberg. With a member. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. He returned to Russia in working in Peterb. AN and at the Medical Surgical Academy opened an important stage of embryonic development - Blastul.

Traced the fate of the germinal leaflets and the development of fetal shells. He established that: 1 embryos of higher animals are not resemble not adult forms of the lower, but similar only with their embryos; 2 In the process of embryonic development, signs of type, class, detachment, family, kind and species laws of Baer are consistent. Investigated and described the development of all maintenance.

Facts opened by B. participant in the expeditions for new land and at the CASP. Their scientific. In expressed a provision on the laws of washing the right shores of rivers in the North. Baer Law. The name B. Barovsky bugrs in the Caspian lowland. The materials of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia were used. Bratsos - Vesh. Karl Maksimovich Bar in his youth. Karl Ernst, or, as he was called in Russia, Karl Maksimovich Bar, was born on February 17 in the town of Pip, in the Gervensky district of the Est-Land province.

Father Bar, Magnus von Bar, belonged to the Estland nobility and was married to his cousin Julia von Bar. Homemade teachers were engaged in Karl. He studied mathematics, geography, Latin and French languages ​​and other subjects. Eleven -year -old Karl has already familiarized himself with Algebra, geometry and trigonometry. In August, the boy was taken to a noble school at a city cathedral in Revel.

In the first half of the year, Karl graduated from school.

He enters the University of Derpt. In Derpt, Bar decided to choose a medical career. In the year, Baer passed the exam for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He was presented and defended by the dissertation "On endemic diseases in Estland." Bar went abroad, choosing Vienna to continue his medical education. Professor Burda will invite Bar to enter him as a native to the Department of Physiology at the University of Koenigsberg.

As a native of the Baer, ​​he discovered a course of comparative anatomy of invertebrates, which was applied, since it consisted mainly of showing and explanation of anatomical drugs and drawings. In the year, Baer was appointed an ordinary professor of anatomy and the director of the anatomical institute with the release of the duties of the Pinector still on it.

In the year, the first volume of the famous "The History of the Development of Animals" appeared in print. Ber, studying the embryology of the chicken, observed the early stage of development when two parallel rollers form on the germinal plate, subsequently closing and forming the brain tube. Bar believed that in the process of development, each new education arises from a simpler pre -social basis.

Thus, the general foundations appear in the bud, and more and more special parts are isolated from them. This process of gradual movement from the general to the special is known by the name of differentiation. In the year, Baer opened mammalian eggs. This discovery was released by him in the form of a message addressed to the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, which chose him as its corresponding member.

Another very important find made by Bar is the opening of a dorsal string, the basis of the inner skeleton of vertebrates. At the end of the year, Baer lived in St. Petersburg. From the capital, the scientist made a trip to the new land in the summer of the year, where not a single naturalist has been before him. In the year, Baer made a trip to study the islands of the Gulf of Finland, and in the year he visited the Koli Peninsula.

Since the year, Bar began to publish, along with Helmersen, a special magazine at the Academy, under the name "Materials for the knowledge of the Russian Empire." Since the year, the scientist was appointed an ordinary professor of comparative anatomy and physiology at the Medical and Surgical Academy. In the year, Bar introduced the Academy of Sciences a large article "About man", intended for the "Russian fauna" Semashko and translated into Russian.

In the year, a series of Baer’s travels in Russia begins, undertaken with practical goals and involved in Baer, ​​except for geographical and ethnographic research, to the field of applied zoology. He held expeditions to the Lake of Lake and the Baltic Sea, to the Volga and the Caspian Sea.His "Caspian studies" in eight parts are very rich in scientific results. In this essay, Baer is most interesting to the eighth part - "On the universal law of the formation of river channels." In the spring of the year, the scientist returned to Petersburg.

Now Bar has surrendered mainly to anthropology. He put in order and enriched the collection of human skulls in the anatomical museum of the Academy, gradually turning it into an anthropological museum. In the year he resigned, while he was elected an honorary member of the Academy. After the anniversary, Bar considered his Petersburg career finally completed and decided to move to Derpt.

In the early summer of the year, he moved to his native university city. Medal of the Prize named after The inscription on the medals: Orsus Ab Ovo hominem homini ostendit - "Starting from the egg, he showed a person to a person." He graduated from the University of Medical Department in Dorpt, at –34 he taught in Königsberg, with - professor. In –25 he developed the foundations of the natural system of animals and expressed thoughts about their evolution of work published only in –67 worked in St.

Petersburg a member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, became a biogeographer, an anthropologist and an instigator of ecology. He wrote in German. One of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society Ber discovered that the type features appear in the embryo earlier than the class trait, the latter - earlier - the feature of the detachment, etc.

He developed the theory of the types of J. Cuvier, in which he took into account the community of not only the plan of the structure, but also the development of the embryo. The system of animals built on the concept of the nucleus and periphery of clear and fuzzy forms of each taxon, it was not based on the signs, but on the general structure “essence of things”, according to K.

Darwin, saw the material for evolution in variability, but denied the evolutionary role of competition: the field data convinced Baer as Maya Walt showed, that the excess of propagation was needed for sustainability for sustainability. communities and does not entail the predominant survival of individual options. The main fact of evolution, Bar considered “a forward victory of the spirit over matter”, approaching the interpretation of progress in Lamarck to mention which Bar avoided.

He formulated the “law of frugality” of nature: once having fallen into a living substance, the atom remains in the life cycle of millions of years. Bar deeply investigated the phenomenon of expediency, proposing to distinguish between solid, durable Dauerhaft, directed to the Zielstrebig target and the corresponding purpose, appropriate Zwecmassig. Works: what a view of the living nature is correct.

Literature: Raikov B. Russian biologists-evolutionists to Darwin, t. Karl Bar. IMMANENT TECHOLOGY AND Teleology of universal mutual utility in the writings of C. Darwin and K. Environmental research by K.