Vladimir Efroimson biography

His life, like the life of other heroes, is not an example for everyone else. The rest - ordinary people - cannot live like that. But knowledge of the life of heroes helps us, ordinary. It seems that he had several lives. Efroimson was born on November 21. They lived in the house of the Russia insurance company in Lubyanka. After the first arrest, the investigator shouted to the impudent prisoner: “Yes, you know where you are!

However, in the year he entered the natural department of the Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University and“ fell under the influence of N. Koltsov and his employees-Classics S. Fevreikov, M. Zavadovsky, G. Roskin and others. Genetics carried him out for life. The year “put in order of natural sciences. Try” Imagine a scene - a heated meeting, all fiery, a student of Efroimson, one against all, makes a sharp speech in his defense.

Chetverikov could not be protected. He was arrested and exiled. Efroimson was expelled from the university for the performance in defense of Chetverikov and he was not able to recover. Koltsov tried to help him. He characterized a student of Efroimson as a talented researcher who completed important research. The first of them is the dependence of the number of lethal mutations in Drusophila on the dose of x -ray radiation.

It was possible to conduct the same study and carefully analyze a little later in Berlin-Bukh N. Timofeev-Rosovsky along with M. Delbryuk and K. This was the first work of Efroimson, which could lead, but, due to the "circumstances", did not lead to fundamental shifts in this area. Koltsov in his review mentions two more important completed works of his student - but he was not restored at the university.

And he remained until the end of his life without a university diploma, like N. in the year, Vladimir Pavlovich began work on the genetics of the mulberry silkworm at the North Caucasus Institute of Silly breeding and came to an important conclusion that there was a balance between the frequency of mutation and the intensity of natural selection. From here he derived the formula for measuring the frequency of mutation in humans.

In the year, he continued these studies at the Genetical Institute, created and led by S. But he was soon arrested. He was arrested at the end of the year for participating in the work of the "free philosophical society." However, Vladimir Pavlovich was not at all a member of this society and by the time of arrest for more than three years of the meeting of the company did not attend. The true reason for the arrest was a speech in defense of Professor S.

Vladimir Pavlovich was sentenced to three years of camps. On hard labor, humiliation and hunger. He was released in the year, managed to do deep scientific research, defend his candidate dissertation, go through the whole war, end it in the rank of senior lieutenant with orders and defend a doctoral dissertation after the war. He was arrested a second time for the fearless struggle with Lysenko.

Vladimir Pavlovich survived, and not just survived, but retained a frantic, inconsistent appearance. He worked for the glory of science all his life. And all his life he was not allowed to work. His first large article about the cargo of deaths, written in the year, was never completely published. His first large book, written according to the results of the work in Tashkent, at the Central Asian Institute of Serekhovka, and dedicated to the genetics of the mulberry silkworm, was even accepted for printing, but was not released.

Vladimir Pavlovich worked 18 hours a day. He did a huge job, summarized the results in this book - and in just a year and a half. He was fired from the institute "For the small efficiency of scientific work." He moved to Ukraine and worked at the All -Ukrainian Serekhovodka Station. He wrote a new book "Problems of Genetics, Selection and Hybridization of Mulk silkworm." And he was fired in the year.

And this book did not come out. A few days before the start of World War II, he defended his thesis. He was in the army from August to November. He was an epidemiologist, a sanitary doctor, translator, scout. He was awarded three military orders and eight medals. But he was Efroimson - at the end of the war, when our troops entered Germany, he rebelled against violence against civilians - wrote a protest to the command.

They did not forget this to him. It was the protest as “slander to the Soviet Army” that was one of the formal reasons for his arrest in the year. After the war until August, he worked at the Kharkov University - he gave lectures and conducted practical classes on genetics. He defended his doctoral dissertation in the year. But the scientific degree was awarded to him only the parties, but at the beginning of the year, he conducted a deep and very dangerous study of Lysenko’s criminal activity.

The days of Vladimir Pavlovich were considered at large. He was arrested in May. He demanded that the indictment indicated that he was arrested due to the fight against Pysenko.He did not tell how the executioners sought a signature from him under the charge of anti -Soviet activities. Not achieved.

He suffered bullying. Not signed. In the early years in the camp, he was in a separate hut of a particularly strict regime - with the same ones who did not sign. All the years in hard labor, Vladimir Pavlovich did not stop - he could not come to terms with his stay "at the head" of the science of Lysenko. Having been released, he again submitted his work, accusing Lysenko of crimes against the state, against science, and the USSR prosecutor's office.

The wife "hung" on his neck, trying to stop. I did not stop. It was not easy with him. He was not taken anywhere again. For life, he retained admiration for a wonderful person Margarita Ivanovna Rudomino - she was the director of the library of foreign literature and overcame all the difficulties to hire previously repressed. Vladimir Pavlovich knew all the main European languages.

He rushed into work in his frantic style. He wrote articles and reviews on human genetics. In the year he wrote a new book "Introduction to Medical Genetics". It was only possible to publish it in a year. He created a scientific school and performed work on the genetics of nervous diseases. A whole series of articles and the final book "Genetics of Oligophrenia, Psychoses and Epilepsy" together with M.

But he was "inconvenient" for the authorities was written. In the year, during the period of the most active research work, he was forced to retire. At the request of many colleagues, Vladimir Pavlovich was hired as a professor-consultant at the N. Development Institute In this capacity, he lived an extremely productive last period of his life. Extremely productive - written, invaluable, but not published books.

In years, I visited Vladimir Pavlovich at home, recording his stories about life and science. I was struck by his archive, especially the many thousands of a file cabinet - - materials about the medical, social and psychological appearance of many historical personalities. His life was extremely harsh. An hour a day he worked in the Lenin Library. There he had his own table.

There was no radio or TV in his house. He was in a hurry. No distraction.