Biography of the Biaduli

Father Haim Efim was a tenant, in winter he worked at logging. Sometimes he was engaged in small trade, loved music - played on the violin. Mother, Khan Plavnik in girlhood Rabinovich, worked as a seamstress. There were seven children in the family: Samuel, Matvey, Israel, Maria -? Two more children died babies. Grandfather, a blacksmith and a copper, had a good library. On the shelf, in addition to the Talmud and other religious books, there were volumes “Metal deeds”, “Geometry”, “Mathematics” and others.

His children - three sons and four daughters, received primary education. Between the oldest and youngest daughters was a difference of 25 years. Here is what his granddaughter Anna Plavnik writes about the classics of Belarusian literature to Zmitroka Biadule. The letter was sent to the editorial office of the magazine Mishpoha in the beginning of the x. My grandfather was born in the city of he was an older child in the family.

My grandfather's great -grandfather was a rabbi. The family was poor and all sons failed to give a good education. Therefore, my grandfather’s grandfather and father were artisans. So my grandfather was the great -grandson of two rabbis from the side of the father and mother. Little Samuel was very fond of the family - he was the eldest son and grandson. The first teacher Samuel was his grandfather - he taught his grandson to read and write in Hebrew.

Samuel was a capable child - he loved to draw, played the violin. At the age of seven, Samuel was given a Jewish religious school to Eshibot. I really wanted to learn the eldest son on the rabbi. Samuel's parents had nine children two died, a little and the eldest son needed to help the family. Therefore, Samuel left his studies in Eshibot and began to work as a teacher, and then he began literary work - he first wrote to Hebrew and Yiddish, then in Russian and Belarusian.

By the way, Samuel’s study in the Eshibot not only gave him a good education, but also saved his life and life to two classics and founders of modern Belarusian literature - Yakub Kolas and Yanka Kupale. Stalin ordered his secretary Screbyshev to call Zmitroka Byadul to the Kremlin. So met the former seminarist Stalin and the former Eshibotnik Zmitrok Byadul.

And thanks to this conversation, Zmitroka Beyaduli and Stalin saved the life of the classics of Belarusian literature. I know this story from the diary of my grandfather written in Yiddish. In the city of Zmitrok, Byadula moved to Vilna. Yanka Kupala was her editor, and Zmitrok Byadul was a secretary. The editors consisted of two people. In Minsk, Zmitrok Byadula worked in the Jewish Committee for Assistance to the Victims of War.

In those years, the Belarusian poet Maxim Bogdanovich came here, he was sick with tuberculosis. The sisters of Beyaduli looked after the sick Bogdanovich. My grandfather paid for the treatment of Maxim Bogdanovich in Crimea. Zmitrok Bjadul lived, his sisters and Yanka bathed with his wife in the same house. Grandfather often recalled a funny episode. My grandfather came to their half of the house Zmitrok Byadul occupied the right half of the house, and Yanka Kupala - the left one and Miril of the spouses.

Grandfather ran into the room where Kupala and Vladislav Frantsevna quarreled and got a plate in the face of his grandfather remained a barely noticeable scar on the bridge of his life. By the way, this nickname remained for Vladislav Franzovna for a lifetime. She was not indifferent to Bahus, like Yanka Kupala himself. Yanka Kupala and Zmitrok Byadul were very friends. During the Civil War, when power constantly changed in Minsk and often Jewish pogroms began during the next change of power, Yanka Kupala saved Zmitrka Beadule life.

When the Belopolyaks were ruled in Minsk, they broke into the house and began to look for Jews. And the pogroms left - it saved the life of Zmitroka Byadule and his sisters! Grandfather and grandmother met in the middle of the x, although their first meeting took place in Zmitrok Bjalulya worked at the Jewish Committee for Assistance to the Victim of War, and his grandmother studied at the feldsher courses and helped the family - she took the underwear from the workshop, where they sewed for wounded front -line soldiers.

Her older sisters worked in this workshop and Masha helped them, took linen to military warehouses. Zmitrok Byadul, that day, also brought ready -made linen and they met in military warehouses. Grandmother said that she began to help her grandfather - explained to whom to turn, how to fold the linen and so on. Grandmother has already handed over the linen many times, and my grandfather came there for the first time.

Masha told Zmitrka Byadule that she had read his works in Grodno, and was also interested in Belarusian literature - she read the produces of Yankee Kupala, Yakub Kolas, Maxim Bogdanovich. Masha said that the famous Polish writer Eliza Ozheshko, who was very good about Jews, lived in Grodno, and they respected her very much. Grandma loved the works of Elisa Ozeshko and read her novels in Polish.

She told her grandfather about studying at the Jewish state gymnasium in Grodno, about her studies at paramedic courses in Minsk and they parted to meet in 10 years! Grandma knew French, German, Yiddish, Hebrew. Of course, my grandmother knew the Russian and then Belarusian literature. She received a classic education.When grandparents met again in the year, Byadulya Zmitrok was already the famous Belarusian writer, his works were studied in schools.

At the meeting, my grandmother told my grandfather about her work by a nurse. After graduating, grandmother was sent to work in the hospital. The Soviet-Polish border of the year was divided by Belarus and my great-grandmother with older children decided to return to Grodno. She did not like that the Soviet government closed all the synagogues. My grandmother happened to assist as a nurse during the operation to remove the appendix from Chervyakov.

When she told Chervyakov to the then chairman of the Government of the BSSR about farewell to his mother at the station, he laughed so that his operating seams were dispersed and he had to sew him up again. In this orphanage, children found a shelter whose parents died during the Jewish pogroms at the hands of the bandits of all stripes. A group of children from Western Belarus was brought to this orphanage.

Among them was a charming four -year -old baby Mishenka. My grandmother really liked him and she decided to adopt him. Everyone dissuaded her - both relatives and work colleagues. But the grandmother wrote down Misha for her last name, officially issued an adoption, although the baby continued to live in an orphanage and called my grandmother and other nurses who worked there.

In the year, the family of the rich Nepman came to the orphanage, the owner of the store from the city of the family was childless and they really wanted to adopt the child. It just so happened that a wealthy account was a grandmother's adoptive son Misha. Grandma was upset and did not want to give him away. The director of the orphanage doctors, educators, nurses - all vied with her persuaded her that the baby would be happy in the foster family: they are wealthy people, they so much like them and my grandmother agreed to give them the boy.

Hearing this story about his foster son, his grandfather immediately made his grandmother an offer. He decided - if Masha was able to fall in love with his adopted son, then what a beautiful wife and mother she will be! My grandfather and grandmother turned out to be a very beautiful and happy couple - they lived together until a year, when grandfather died in evacuation in the city of Uralsk Kazakhstan.

Grandfather was a brown -eyed brown -haired with curly, curly hair, and grandmother was a blue -eyed brunette. Unfortunately, the fate of her grandmother developed tragically - all her brothers and sisters died during the Second World War - they were shot by the Nazis some in Grodno, some in Minsk with their families. Grandfather and grandmother had a big difference in age - grandfather was 14 years older than her grandmother.

Yanka Kupala often joked about the fact that his grandfather married late, about his grandfather’s love adventures - the Jews were then accepted - no love ties after marriage, and his grandfather was an exemplary family man after the marriage. But before the wedding, as a young man, even before the revolution, grandfather fell in love with a ballet dancer from the Mariinsky Theater.

Yanka Kupala and Yakub Kolas often made fun of his grandfather about his hobbies theater and actresses. Grandfather loved the theater very much and often participated in amateur performances in Vilna and Minsk. Zmitrok Byadul often came to the performances of both professional and amateur groups - Belarusian, Jewish, Polish and Russians. And in Jewish and Belarusian amateur performances, he participated himself, according to the testimony of other participants in the performances, very successfully, he was always applauded, his speeches were noted in the press - the then Jewish and Belarusian publications.

Grandfather played the violin perfectly and painted well, often participated in performances not only as an actor, but also a musician and a designer. In my archive, a photograph was preserved - the serpente of Byadul among the participants in the Belarusian amateur performances Vilna G. Zmitrok Byadul was interested in the position of Jews in the then Europe, emigration to Palestine and the creation of a Jewish national state there.

He wrote articles, as they said then "on the Jewish question." He warmly supported the idea of ​​Zionism about the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine. Drucaria Ya. In the Belarusian language. Grandfather printed an article in the Belarusian newspaper.